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Every time
you board a plane,
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00:00:05,931 --> 00:00:07,862
you put your trust
in the pilots.
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00:00:09,620 --> 00:00:11,724
And every time
pilots enter the cockpit,
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00:00:11,827 --> 00:00:13,793
they put their trust
in computers.
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00:00:15,482 --> 00:00:19,448
It's a complicated relationship
between man and machine.
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00:00:19,551 --> 00:00:21,827
And when it doesn't
work perfectly,
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00:00:21,931 --> 00:00:23,827
disaster can strike
in an instant.
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We're going to turn over!
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We didn't know
if we were gonna live or die.
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00:00:35,793 --> 00:00:36,620
Autopilot!
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00:00:40,206 --> 00:00:43,517
Life and death decisions have
to be made in a moment.
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00:00:43,620 --> 00:00:46,965
Confusion can kill passengers
and crew.
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Flying in today's world is
a very complex task.
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The pilot's always
the last line of defense.
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When the worst happens,
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the question is
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00:00:57,068 --> 00:00:58,689
who's flying the plane?
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Mayday, mayday.
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It's just after 8:30
in the morning,
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00:01:29,137 --> 00:01:31,586
in Sanford, Florida.
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These student pilots walk out
to ground school.
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Their topic today,
a Cirrus SR20.
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This is one of the newer models.
We can tell
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just from looking at it
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because of the lights
on the wing-tips.
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They're called
recognition lights, or recogs.
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00:01:46,862 --> 00:01:48,896
Every year
dozens of students enroll
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00:01:49,000 --> 00:01:50,793
at the Delta Connection Academy,
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hoping to eventually become
pilots with major airlines.
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Their lives, and one day
the lives of the passengers
they fly
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00:01:59,344 --> 00:02:02,931
depend on their deep
understanding of their airplane.
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00:02:03,827 --> 00:02:05,793
From this side right here,
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you can see
the propeller governor.
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00:02:08,965 --> 00:02:10,517
The majority
of our students
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00:02:10,620 --> 00:02:14,068
come to us with zero
or very little flight time.
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We want to run someone
through our entire program
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and end up placing them
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with one
of the regional carriers.
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The wing-tips here are called
corner wing-tips.
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They help to reduce
the induced drag.
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00:02:27,793 --> 00:02:31,517
These flight students
are getting started
on smaller aircraft.
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In the years to come,
they will move
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into large commercial jets
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boasting the latest
in technology.
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When you go back
to the Wright Brothers,
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they had no automation
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00:02:43,586 --> 00:02:45,413
and everything was
by muscle power,
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00:02:45,517 --> 00:02:48,551
other than a small
internal combustion engine.
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00:02:48,655 --> 00:02:51,172
Everything that they did,
when they moved the wings,
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00:02:51,275 --> 00:02:53,689
the elevators and the rudders,
they did manually.
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00:02:57,034 --> 00:02:58,517
But in the last hundred years,
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00:02:58,620 --> 00:03:01,482
technology has
revolutionized flying.
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Pilots share the cockpit
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00:03:03,103 --> 00:03:04,931
with automated computer systems
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that control virtually
every aspect of flight.
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It can do everything now
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00:03:09,827 --> 00:03:11,241
up to and including
land the airplane.
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Everything is set
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00:03:13,103 --> 00:03:15,724
so that the autopilots
and automation systems
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00:03:15,827 --> 00:03:18,896
are tools for the pilot to use,
but they're not a replacement.
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It's a critical lesson
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00:03:21,724 --> 00:03:23,896
for student pilots to learn.
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Safe flight is a balance
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between automation and training.
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If a pilot makes a mistake,
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or if
an instrument malfunctions,
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these flying computers can
turn into lethal machines
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00:03:35,655 --> 00:03:37,034
that can't be controlled.
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00:03:41,103 --> 00:03:42,689
Lima, Peru.
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00:03:42,793 --> 00:03:45,068
October 2, 1996.
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00:03:47,310 --> 00:03:50,517
Aeroperu Flight 603
prepares for take off
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00:03:50,620 --> 00:03:51,758
for Santiago, Chile.
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00:03:53,931 --> 00:03:56,896
The plane is
a four-year-old Boeing 757,
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00:03:57,000 --> 00:03:58,965
a highly sophisticated jet
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00:03:59,068 --> 00:04:01,344
known for its reliability
and safety.
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00:04:03,172 --> 00:04:04,724
The 757 is flown
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00:04:04,827 --> 00:04:07,689
by two of the national airline's
best pilots.
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00:04:09,517 --> 00:04:11,137
Captain Eric Schreiber,
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00:04:14,896 --> 00:04:16,862
and First Officer
David Fernandez.
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00:04:19,482 --> 00:04:23,172
There are 61 passengers
and nine crew members on board.
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The jet is among
a new generation
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00:04:27,793 --> 00:04:29,689
of computer-controlled aircraft
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00:04:29,793 --> 00:04:31,068
in which pilots are trained
84
00:04:31,172 --> 00:04:33,172
to rely on a central data system
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00:04:33,275 --> 00:04:35,068
that is designed
to reduce errors,
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00:04:35,172 --> 00:04:37,000
both mechanical and human.
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Gear up.
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00:04:41,103 --> 00:04:44,034
Tonight, though,
within minutes of take-off,
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00:04:44,137 --> 00:04:46,448
the flight begins
to go horribly wrong.
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The altimeters are stuck.
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00:04:50,448 --> 00:04:51,620
The altimeter
indicates
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00:04:51,724 --> 00:04:54,896
how high the aircraft is
flying over the ground.
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00:04:55,000 --> 00:04:57,689
It reads zero, but the plane is
clearly airborne.
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00:05:00,620 --> 00:05:03,931
This is really new.
Keep V2 plus ten.
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00:05:04,034 --> 00:05:07,034
The 757 is equipped
with three altimeters.
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00:05:08,275 --> 00:05:10,103
One for the pilot,
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00:05:10,206 --> 00:05:13,137
one for the co-pilot
and one for backup.
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00:05:13,241 --> 00:05:15,103
All three seem to be dead.
99
00:05:17,931 --> 00:05:20,793
As the two men try to solve
the first problem,
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00:05:20,896 --> 00:05:23,551
they lose another
crucial instrument.
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00:05:23,655 --> 00:05:25,275
The air speed indicator.
102
00:05:25,379 --> 00:05:26,620
The speed.
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00:05:26,724 --> 00:05:27,965
Eh?
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00:05:28,068 --> 00:05:29,275
The speed.
105
00:05:29,379 --> 00:05:30,896
What's going on?
We're not climbing.
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00:05:31,000 --> 00:05:32,827
No, I am climbing,
but the speed.
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00:05:32,931 --> 00:05:34,862
Hold it. Maintain speed.
108
00:05:37,482 --> 00:05:40,379
Bewildered by
the host of confusing warnings,
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00:05:40,482 --> 00:05:42,551
Captain Schreiber decides
to land.
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00:05:46,758 --> 00:05:49,068
Lima tower, Aeroperu 603.
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00:05:49,172 --> 00:05:50,689
We are in an emergency.
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00:05:50,793 --> 00:05:52,517
Aeroperu 603, Lima.
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00:05:52,620 --> 00:05:54,172
We are declaring an emergency.
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We have no basic instruments,
no altimeter,
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00:05:56,586 --> 00:05:59,689
no air speed indicator.
Declaring emergency.
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00:05:59,793 --> 00:06:01,310
To add
to their problems,
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00:06:01,413 --> 00:06:04,448
Schreiber and Fernandez
are flying at night over water,
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with no visual reference points.
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00:06:07,724 --> 00:06:10,137
Not being able
to trust their instruments,
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00:06:10,241 --> 00:06:12,689
the pilots are flying blind.
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00:06:12,793 --> 00:06:14,896
The airplane was controllable.
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00:06:15,000 --> 00:06:18,758
But you first have to diagnose
what's wrong.
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00:06:18,862 --> 00:06:21,034
And It's very easy
from 20-20 hindsight
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00:06:21,137 --> 00:06:23,965
sitting here in a chair
on a nice sunny day
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00:06:24,068 --> 00:06:26,344
to say, "This is what
he should have done."
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00:06:27,379 --> 00:06:30,344
But, in the cold dark night
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00:06:30,448 --> 00:06:33,482
with bells and whistles
going off, uh,
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00:06:33,586 --> 00:06:36,275
it's very difficult to analyze
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00:06:36,379 --> 00:06:38,931
conflicting information
that you're getting.
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00:06:40,758 --> 00:06:42,275
Unable to trust
their instruments,
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00:06:42,379 --> 00:06:44,241
the pilots have to depend
on information
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00:06:44,344 --> 00:06:45,931
from the ground.
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00:06:46,034 --> 00:06:47,482
Can you give us
the air speed please,
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00:06:47,586 --> 00:06:49,206
if you have us on the radar?
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00:06:49,310 --> 00:06:51,862
Yes.
Affirmative. As of ten seconds,
136
00:06:51,965 --> 00:06:54,000
it seems that you're climbing
at level 6000
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00:06:54,103 --> 00:06:55,689
at two-two miles south,
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00:06:55,793 --> 00:06:57,689
on heading 1-9-5.
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00:06:57,793 --> 00:06:59,000
Okay, we have that.
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00:06:59,103 --> 00:07:00,965
We are on heading 1-9-0
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00:07:01,068 --> 00:07:03,241
and we have 7000 feet
on the altimeter.
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00:07:03,344 --> 00:07:05,275
Yes, correct. You are
now reaching 7000.
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00:07:08,137 --> 00:07:10,413
Even as they try
to return to the airport,
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00:07:10,517 --> 00:07:12,793
the havoc
in the cockpit gets worse.
145
00:07:14,379 --> 00:07:16,586
Systems warn
that they are over speed.
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00:07:17,482 --> 00:07:18,551
Over speed.
147
00:07:18,655 --> 00:07:20,310
They're flying too fast.
148
00:07:20,413 --> 00:07:21,758
Extend the speed brakes.
149
00:07:26,620 --> 00:07:28,896
Now the stall warning sounds.
150
00:07:33,862 --> 00:07:35,758
- And then...
Too low terrain.
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00:07:35,862 --> 00:07:38,206
- What's happening?
- "Too low terrain"?
152
00:07:38,310 --> 00:07:41,793
We have the terrain alarm.
We have the terrain alarm.
153
00:07:41,896 --> 00:07:43,931
The Ground Proximity
alarm warns them
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00:07:44,034 --> 00:07:45,827
that they're flying
dangerously low.
155
00:07:45,931 --> 00:07:48,620
...an indicator
of flight level
of 10,000 over the sea.
156
00:07:48,724 --> 00:07:49,931
Too low terrain.
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00:07:53,275 --> 00:07:55,206
There is
no checklist for
158
00:07:55,310 --> 00:07:59,068
if you have these seven
or eight warnings going off,
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00:07:59,172 --> 00:08:01,482
which they did,
and they couldn't shut them off.
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00:08:03,275 --> 00:08:05,448
Altitude is 9700.
161
00:08:05,551 --> 00:08:08,172
- Ninety-seven hundred?
- Yes, correct.
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00:08:08,275 --> 00:08:09,689
Do you have
any visual reference?
163
00:08:09,793 --> 00:08:10,931
Ninety-seven hundred?
164
00:08:11,034 --> 00:08:13,517
But it is indicating
too low terrain.
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00:08:13,620 --> 00:08:17,551
Are you sure you have us
on the radar at 50 miles?
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00:08:17,655 --> 00:08:20,931
The crew is bombarded
with conflicting warnings.
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00:08:21,034 --> 00:08:23,241
They have no idea
which of them to believe.
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00:08:25,965 --> 00:08:28,586
Suddenly they realize
the horrible truth.
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00:08:29,896 --> 00:08:32,827
We're hitting water! Pull it up!
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00:08:32,931 --> 00:08:35,620
They're flying
just meters above the water.
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00:08:37,586 --> 00:08:39,206
We're going to turn over!
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00:08:44,034 --> 00:08:46,827
Aeroperu 603, Lima.
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00:08:59,862 --> 00:09:02,896
There are
no survivors from Flight 603,
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00:09:04,103 --> 00:09:05,241
all because something caused
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00:09:05,344 --> 00:09:08,000
the on-board computers
to go haywire.
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00:09:09,965 --> 00:09:12,172
Searching through
the Pacific waters,
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00:09:12,275 --> 00:09:15,000
investigators manage to find
the data recorders.
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00:09:16,551 --> 00:09:17,620
It was clear to us
179
00:09:17,724 --> 00:09:20,965
that they were
really experiencing a problem
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00:09:21,068 --> 00:09:23,620
with air speed and altitude.
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00:09:26,482 --> 00:09:27,896
On the 757,
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00:09:28,000 --> 00:09:30,689
devices called
Pitot-Static tubes measure
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00:09:30,793 --> 00:09:32,275
the air speed and altitude.
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00:09:33,827 --> 00:09:36,965
They are small external sensors
which relay that information
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00:09:37,068 --> 00:09:39,103
to the plane's
computerized systems.
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00:09:46,482 --> 00:09:47,965
Deep underwater,
187
00:09:48,068 --> 00:09:50,586
tape is discovered covering
the plane's sensors.
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00:09:54,448 --> 00:09:56,827
How the tape got there
leads investigators
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00:09:56,931 --> 00:09:59,448
back to the maintenance crew
at Lima airport.
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00:10:02,172 --> 00:10:06,068
Just before Aeroperu 603
lifted off from Lima,
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00:10:06,172 --> 00:10:09,103
maintenance workers had
cleaned the jet.
192
00:10:09,206 --> 00:10:12,137
A worker had covered
the static ports with tape
193
00:10:12,241 --> 00:10:13,689
to protect them.
194
00:10:13,793 --> 00:10:15,827
This is standard procedure.
195
00:10:15,931 --> 00:10:18,034
But when the maintenance
was complete,
196
00:10:18,137 --> 00:10:21,724
the worker forgot
to remove the tape.
197
00:10:21,827 --> 00:10:25,793
It was a small oversight
with tragic results.
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00:10:25,896 --> 00:10:27,793
The inspector
who was supposed
199
00:10:27,896 --> 00:10:31,241
to quality-check his work
did not do it.
200
00:10:31,344 --> 00:10:34,724
And the supervisor
out on the line that night
201
00:10:34,827 --> 00:10:36,137
was not there, he was sick.
202
00:10:36,241 --> 00:10:39,551
And there was a regular mechanic
203
00:10:39,655 --> 00:10:43,000
who was filling that role,
he did not see it.
204
00:10:44,931 --> 00:10:47,448
In this case,
the Captain did the pre-flight.
205
00:10:47,551 --> 00:10:50,655
They do a walk-around looking
for just that kind of thing.
206
00:10:52,068 --> 00:10:53,689
The Captain did the pre-flight
that night
207
00:10:53,793 --> 00:10:55,793
and he did not detect it either.
208
00:10:57,068 --> 00:10:58,965
Yes, correct. You're now
reaching 7000.
209
00:10:59,068 --> 00:11:00,931
The blocked tubes
also explain
210
00:11:01,034 --> 00:11:03,413
why the air-traffic controllers
told the crew
211
00:11:03,517 --> 00:11:05,620
they were flying at 7000 feet.
212
00:11:08,448 --> 00:11:10,551
The information
on the plane's height isn't
213
00:11:10,655 --> 00:11:13,068
calculated by radar
on the ground,
214
00:11:13,172 --> 00:11:15,827
but by
the plane's on-board systems.
215
00:11:17,034 --> 00:11:18,655
From 7000 feet,
216
00:11:18,758 --> 00:11:21,103
the plane began
to slowly descend,
217
00:11:21,206 --> 00:11:24,206
but the on-board systems
couldn't detect it.
218
00:11:24,310 --> 00:11:26,793
And the air-traffic controller
had no way to know
219
00:11:26,896 --> 00:11:30,275
the altitude indicated
on his system was wrong.
220
00:11:32,689 --> 00:11:35,965
Blindsided by
bewildering readings
from their instruments,
221
00:11:36,068 --> 00:11:37,965
the crew was completely lost.
222
00:11:39,137 --> 00:11:41,103
They had no idea
where they were,
223
00:11:41,206 --> 00:11:44,448
how high they were flying
or how fast they were going.
224
00:11:46,862 --> 00:11:49,034
We're hitting water! Pull it up!
225
00:11:49,137 --> 00:11:52,000
Climb! Climb, Aeroperu 603.
If you need to, pull up!
226
00:12:00,758 --> 00:12:02,931
Aeroperu was
a deadly lesson
227
00:12:03,034 --> 00:12:05,413
about how dependent pilots
have become
228
00:12:05,517 --> 00:12:07,517
on their
automated flight systems,
229
00:12:07,620 --> 00:12:11,103
and how helpless they can be
when the systems are crippled.
230
00:12:13,862 --> 00:12:16,000
Student pilots need
to understand
231
00:12:16,103 --> 00:12:17,344
the complex technology
232
00:12:17,448 --> 00:12:19,172
at the heart of their airplanes.
233
00:12:19,965 --> 00:12:21,413
When something goes wrong,
234
00:12:21,517 --> 00:12:24,482
they need to know
who's in control,
235
00:12:24,586 --> 00:12:26,724
because even
an experienced pilot can
236
00:12:26,827 --> 00:12:28,862
rely too heavily on his systems.
237
00:12:29,827 --> 00:12:31,551
And when he does,
238
00:12:31,655 --> 00:12:34,413
disaster can be
just seconds away.
239
00:12:38,724 --> 00:12:40,172
All right, gentlemen.
What we're going to do today is
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00:12:40,275 --> 00:12:43,551
practice rejected take-offs
in preparation for the V1 cuts.
241
00:12:43,655 --> 00:12:45,655
It'll be engine fire,
engine failure
242
00:12:45,758 --> 00:12:47,586
or loss of directional control.
243
00:12:47,689 --> 00:12:49,413
At the Delta
Connection flight school
244
00:12:49,517 --> 00:12:50,931
in Sanford, Florida,
245
00:12:51,034 --> 00:12:53,551
students are facing the worst
246
00:12:53,655 --> 00:12:55,379
in the safety of a simulator.
247
00:12:56,689 --> 00:12:59,103
No pilot can graduate
unless they can deal
248
00:12:59,206 --> 00:13:03,068
with problems they may never
have to face in the real world.
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00:13:03,172 --> 00:13:05,241
The course that I teach,
we typically,
250
00:13:05,344 --> 00:13:09,241
they work as a crew. They'll go
26 hours in the simulator,
251
00:13:09,344 --> 00:13:10,758
thirteen hours in each seat.
252
00:13:11,758 --> 00:13:15,068
Simulation can
now introduce problems
253
00:13:15,172 --> 00:13:16,862
that are hard
to introduce in the air.
254
00:13:16,965 --> 00:13:20,413
Doing it with simulation
allows it to be repeated.
255
00:13:20,517 --> 00:13:22,965
And then if you are ever faced
with the emergency,
256
00:13:23,068 --> 00:13:25,310
it becomes
almost a matter of routine.
257
00:13:25,413 --> 00:13:27,551
All right, Connection 500,
you're cleared for take-off.
258
00:13:27,655 --> 00:13:29,551
Clear for take-off.
Runway four. Connection 500.
259
00:13:35,068 --> 00:13:36,413
Right after takeoff,
260
00:13:36,517 --> 00:13:38,551
the students are
faced with an emergency.
261
00:13:38,655 --> 00:13:40,103
We've got a "Left engine
oil pressure."
262
00:13:41,551 --> 00:13:42,827
When you get
one of those warnings,
263
00:13:42,931 --> 00:13:44,689
don't just punch it out.
Go ahead and acknowledge it
264
00:13:44,793 --> 00:13:47,551
so both pilots are in the loop,
you're both on the same page.
265
00:13:47,655 --> 00:13:50,172
All right. We got
a "Left engine oil pressure".
266
00:13:50,275 --> 00:13:52,655
I'll take
flight controls, you run the,
uh, reference.
267
00:13:52,758 --> 00:13:54,344
I have
flight controls.
268
00:13:54,448 --> 00:13:57,448
They run through
the drill again and again,
269
00:13:57,551 --> 00:13:59,482
because surviving
in the air depends
270
00:13:59,586 --> 00:14:01,517
on getting it right
in the simulator.
271
00:14:03,034 --> 00:14:06,310
In an actual cockpit,
even a small inconvenience can
272
00:14:06,413 --> 00:14:08,310
escalate into
a desperate struggle
273
00:14:08,413 --> 00:14:09,827
to save the airplane.
274
00:14:13,379 --> 00:14:16,275
February 19th, 1985.
275
00:14:16,379 --> 00:14:20,517
China Airlines Flight 006 is
tumbling through the sky.
276
00:14:20,620 --> 00:14:21,931
No response, Captain!
277
00:14:23,379 --> 00:14:24,862
Air speed 80 knots and falling!
278
00:14:24,965 --> 00:14:26,689
One of the engines has failed.
279
00:14:26,793 --> 00:14:28,275
No response!
280
00:14:28,379 --> 00:14:30,689
Their instruments
seem to be making no sense.
281
00:14:32,344 --> 00:14:35,724
People just popped up
like popcorn, hitting the cabin.
282
00:14:35,827 --> 00:14:37,827
We didn't know if we were
gonna live or die.
283
00:14:38,689 --> 00:14:40,206
The 747 falls
284
00:14:40,310 --> 00:14:42,586
more than ten kilometers
in two minutes.
285
00:14:45,931 --> 00:14:47,931
The pilots can
barely keep it airborne.
286
00:14:49,896 --> 00:14:54,103
You know this airplane is
totally out of control.
It is going to crash.
287
00:14:56,482 --> 00:14:59,965
The jet nose-dives
towards the Pacific Ocean.
288
00:15:00,068 --> 00:15:02,344
Then, just moments away
from impact,
289
00:15:02,448 --> 00:15:04,758
the crew regains
control of the plane.
290
00:15:06,310 --> 00:15:07,482
Oakland Center.
291
00:15:07,586 --> 00:15:11,931
Dynasty 006. We are
declaring an emergency.
292
00:15:12,034 --> 00:15:16,068
Dynasty 006, Oakland Center.
You are now cleared.
293
00:15:16,172 --> 00:15:18,931
You are free to descend
at pilot's discretion.
294
00:15:20,758 --> 00:15:23,275
After surviving
a tremendous fall,
295
00:15:23,379 --> 00:15:26,724
Captain Min-Yuan Ho makes
a smooth textbook landing.
296
00:15:37,689 --> 00:15:40,379
I thought he was
a hero. He saved our lives.
297
00:15:40,482 --> 00:15:44,344
We thought he was a hero
and everything was fine.
298
00:15:44,448 --> 00:15:47,689
Two dozen passengers
have suffered minor injuries.
299
00:15:47,793 --> 00:15:50,724
One crewmember is hospitalized
and soon released.
300
00:15:53,379 --> 00:15:57,034
But the 747 looks like it's
been through a war zone.
301
00:16:00,034 --> 00:16:01,862
Parts of the entire tailplane
302
00:16:01,965 --> 00:16:03,724
at the end were ripped off
303
00:16:03,827 --> 00:16:05,931
as though a tornado had
come through,
304
00:16:06,034 --> 00:16:08,793
or a crane had been in
and ripped pieces out of it.
305
00:16:11,172 --> 00:16:13,482
Investigators soon realize the damage
306
00:16:13,586 --> 00:16:16,379
to the plane wasn't
the cause of the problems,
307
00:16:16,482 --> 00:16:19,862
but had actually occurred
during the plane's wild plunge.
308
00:16:23,620 --> 00:16:25,482
They pore
through maintenance records
309
00:16:25,586 --> 00:16:28,034
and flight logs
to try to determine the cause
310
00:16:28,137 --> 00:16:29,793
of the near fatal incident.
311
00:16:31,517 --> 00:16:32,551
Inside the plane,
312
00:16:32,655 --> 00:16:34,931
investigators find a worn valve.
313
00:16:37,448 --> 00:16:41,344
It led directly to the failure
of the jet's fourth engine.
314
00:16:41,448 --> 00:16:42,793
But this shouldn't have caused
315
00:16:42,896 --> 00:16:44,620
the plane to fall
through the sky.
316
00:16:47,413 --> 00:16:49,586
Engine four, flamed out.
317
00:16:49,689 --> 00:16:52,482
The loss of thrust
on a four-engine airplane is
318
00:16:52,586 --> 00:16:54,034
a minor event.
319
00:16:54,137 --> 00:16:56,379
It's an event, you have
to take care of it,
320
00:16:56,482 --> 00:16:58,965
but the airplane will fly
on three engines
321
00:16:59,068 --> 00:17:00,448
with no difficulty.
322
00:17:01,586 --> 00:17:04,241
I do not think I was fatigued.
323
00:17:04,344 --> 00:17:06,241
The Captain tells
investigators that,
324
00:17:06,344 --> 00:17:09,034
while the crew was dealing
with the faulty engine,
325
00:17:09,137 --> 00:17:11,965
he left the autopilot
in control of the plane.
326
00:17:12,896 --> 00:17:14,275
But on this 747,
327
00:17:14,379 --> 00:17:16,793
the autopilot does not control
the rudder.
328
00:17:19,310 --> 00:17:22,758
Autopilots are set
to maintain stable flight.
329
00:17:22,862 --> 00:17:25,758
If something goes wrong,
the system tries to respond.
330
00:17:27,068 --> 00:17:28,965
With more engine power
on the left wing,
331
00:17:29,068 --> 00:17:31,862
the China Airlines jet began
turning right.
332
00:17:33,413 --> 00:17:36,517
The autopilot reacted by using
the plane's ailerons
333
00:17:36,620 --> 00:17:40,034
to try to keep
the 747 flying straight.
334
00:17:40,137 --> 00:17:42,862
But the ailerons weren't
up to the job.
335
00:17:42,965 --> 00:17:45,413
The jet kept turning.
336
00:17:45,517 --> 00:17:47,103
In order to keep it
from turning to the right,
337
00:17:47,206 --> 00:17:49,758
the proper thing to do would
have been to step on the rudder.
338
00:17:49,862 --> 00:17:51,103
Now it's possible
that he'd forgotten
339
00:17:51,206 --> 00:17:53,793
that the autopilot didn't
use the rudder.
340
00:17:53,896 --> 00:17:55,172
He may have been
assuming all along
341
00:17:55,275 --> 00:17:57,137
that the autopilot was
just flying the airplane
342
00:17:57,241 --> 00:17:58,448
the way a human being would have
343
00:17:58,551 --> 00:17:59,586
which it wasn't.
344
00:18:01,655 --> 00:18:03,862
Focused on his malfunctioning engine,
345
00:18:03,965 --> 00:18:06,448
Captain Ho left
the autopilot in control.
346
00:18:07,862 --> 00:18:09,931
But without the help
of the rudder,
347
00:18:10,034 --> 00:18:11,965
the ailerons were
losing their battle
348
00:18:12,068 --> 00:18:13,000
to keep the plane level.
349
00:18:13,827 --> 00:18:15,758
The gentle turn got steeper.
350
00:18:19,551 --> 00:18:23,206
The airplane started
to lose speed and, in the end,
351
00:18:23,310 --> 00:18:27,310
it was really that little error
of airmanship,
352
00:18:27,413 --> 00:18:30,344
the failure to step
on that left rudder pedal,
353
00:18:30,448 --> 00:18:31,965
that triggered everything else.
354
00:18:33,896 --> 00:18:38,000
We're banking right, Captain.
Air speed 230.
355
00:18:38,103 --> 00:18:39,620
Facing mounting problems,
356
00:18:39,724 --> 00:18:42,034
the captain finally takes
complete control
357
00:18:42,137 --> 00:18:43,586
of his aircraft.
358
00:18:43,689 --> 00:18:45,137
We're banking right, Captain.
359
00:18:45,241 --> 00:18:46,551
I'm disengaging autopilot.
360
00:18:54,103 --> 00:18:55,965
When the autopilot snaps off,
361
00:18:56,068 --> 00:18:58,413
his situation only gets worse.
362
00:18:58,517 --> 00:19:01,241
Without the ailerons
to control the jet's bank,
363
00:19:01,344 --> 00:19:02,517
the plane flips over.
364
00:19:03,413 --> 00:19:05,241
It plunges into thick clouds
365
00:19:05,344 --> 00:19:07,724
and Captain Ho is
unable to get his bearings.
366
00:19:11,068 --> 00:19:13,965
The crew has
no visual reference point.
367
00:19:14,068 --> 00:19:16,793
They have no idea
which way is up.
368
00:19:16,896 --> 00:19:19,448
They are totally dependent
on their attitude indicators,
369
00:19:20,758 --> 00:19:22,896
but they don't think
they're working properly.
370
00:19:23,965 --> 00:19:24,965
I've lost ADI!
371
00:19:25,068 --> 00:19:26,758
The ADIs have malfunctioned!
372
00:19:26,862 --> 00:19:28,275
It's going out of limits!
373
00:19:30,413 --> 00:19:32,896
But the instruments
had not malfunctioned.
374
00:19:33,000 --> 00:19:35,758
They told the crew
an unbelievable truth.
375
00:19:35,862 --> 00:19:38,344
They were falling
towards the Pacific Ocean.
376
00:19:41,793 --> 00:19:43,896
They simply didn't
believe what they were seeing,
377
00:19:44,000 --> 00:19:48,137
and they thought they had lost
their attitude instruments.
378
00:19:48,241 --> 00:19:49,896
They hadn't lost
their attitude instruments.
379
00:19:50,000 --> 00:19:51,586
The airplane was, in fact,
380
00:19:51,689 --> 00:19:53,758
embarking on
an aerobatic manoeuvre.
381
00:19:53,862 --> 00:19:55,413
You could see the stewardesses,
382
00:19:55,517 --> 00:19:57,965
all the people who didn't
have their seatbelts on,
383
00:19:58,068 --> 00:19:58,965
they were flying.
384
00:20:07,724 --> 00:20:10,413
It's only when
the plane finally breaks free
of the clouds
385
00:20:10,517 --> 00:20:13,586
that Captain Ho is
able to regain control
of his plane...
386
00:20:14,344 --> 00:20:16,275
I can see the horizon!
387
00:20:16,379 --> 00:20:18,620
...because he now has
a visual reference.
388
00:20:25,103 --> 00:20:27,620
By the time
Captain Ho takes full control,
389
00:20:27,724 --> 00:20:28,965
it was almost too late.
390
00:20:31,034 --> 00:20:32,896
The near fatal dive highlights
391
00:20:33,000 --> 00:20:34,655
the need for pilots to avoid
392
00:20:34,758 --> 00:20:36,827
relying too much
on their computers.
393
00:20:42,344 --> 00:20:44,448
So, what automation has done,
in a sense, is
394
00:20:44,551 --> 00:20:46,896
taken pilots and taken them
395
00:20:47,000 --> 00:20:50,448
from being hands-on, kind of,
controllers of the machine
396
00:20:50,551 --> 00:20:52,517
to monitors
of what the automation is
397
00:20:52,620 --> 00:20:53,862
doing to the machine.
398
00:20:53,965 --> 00:20:55,862
You really are just sitting
there with your arms folded,
399
00:20:55,965 --> 00:20:59,413
and this goes on for hour
after hour after hour,
400
00:20:59,517 --> 00:21:02,896
and, understandably,
people become stupefied.
401
00:21:06,068 --> 00:21:08,448
But whatever mistakes
the flight crew made,
402
00:21:08,551 --> 00:21:11,827
they did succeed
in their ultimate task.
403
00:21:11,931 --> 00:21:17,310
The one big thing they did right
is they saved the airplane.
404
00:21:17,413 --> 00:21:20,827
And, in principle, that's all
you ever need to do right.
405
00:21:20,931 --> 00:21:22,379
You need to save the airplane
406
00:21:22,482 --> 00:21:23,827
and you need to save
the passengers.
407
00:21:23,931 --> 00:21:25,103
And that's what they did.
408
00:21:26,965 --> 00:21:28,482
Student pilots practice
409
00:21:28,586 --> 00:21:31,137
emergencies again
and again to ensure
410
00:21:31,241 --> 00:21:34,275
that, when disaster strikes,
they handle it correctly.
411
00:21:36,034 --> 00:21:39,689
Automation is an enormous aid
to long-distance flying.
412
00:21:39,793 --> 00:21:41,689
But if a crew doesn't
fully understand
413
00:21:41,793 --> 00:21:43,413
how their plane works,
414
00:21:43,517 --> 00:21:45,413
they can quickly get
into a situation
415
00:21:45,517 --> 00:21:47,068
from which they cannot escape.
416
00:21:48,172 --> 00:21:50,000
Autopilot engaged.
417
00:21:50,103 --> 00:21:51,310
Autopilot engaged.
418
00:21:54,724 --> 00:21:57,379
Ten years
after the China Airlines mishap,
419
00:21:57,482 --> 00:22:01,586
another crew is baffled
by a more complicated autopilot,
420
00:22:01,689 --> 00:22:04,724
and fails to take control
until it's too late.
421
00:22:15,827 --> 00:22:19,827
March 1994, Siberia.
422
00:22:19,931 --> 00:22:21,965
Search parties comb
through the wreckage
423
00:22:22,068 --> 00:22:25,172
of Russian International
Airlines Flight 593.
424
00:22:26,206 --> 00:22:28,896
All 75 people on board are dead.
425
00:22:32,000 --> 00:22:34,310
The plane was one
of the newest in the fleet,
426
00:22:34,413 --> 00:22:37,206
a European-built Airbus A310.
427
00:22:40,448 --> 00:22:42,448
Listening to the cockpit voices,
428
00:22:42,551 --> 00:22:45,034
investigators are shocked
by what they hear.
429
00:22:45,137 --> 00:22:47,310
- I am
turning it left!
- Okay, get out!
430
00:22:47,413 --> 00:22:48,862
Get it to the left!
The ground is right there!
431
00:22:48,965 --> 00:22:51,620
Children's voices
in the cockpit.
432
00:22:51,724 --> 00:22:53,448
They are stunned
when they realize
433
00:22:53,551 --> 00:22:56,344
these children had
operated the flight controls.
434
00:23:00,724 --> 00:23:02,448
The children were
the son and daughter
435
00:23:02,551 --> 00:23:05,724
of the pilot in command,
Captain Yaroslav Kudrinsky.
436
00:23:07,758 --> 00:23:09,655
Investigators begin
to piece together
437
00:23:09,758 --> 00:23:11,724
an almost unbelievable story.
438
00:23:14,931 --> 00:23:18,517
On the evening
of March 22nd, 1994,
439
00:23:18,620 --> 00:23:20,172
Flight 593 begins
440
00:23:20,275 --> 00:23:22,758
its scheduled ten-hour journey
to Hong Kong.
441
00:23:26,517 --> 00:23:28,379
Several hours
into the jet's flight,
442
00:23:28,482 --> 00:23:30,827
the aircraft is
cruising on autopilot.
443
00:23:33,655 --> 00:23:35,344
On board are two children
444
00:23:35,448 --> 00:23:37,689
taking their first
international flight,
445
00:23:37,793 --> 00:23:39,689
Yana and Eldar Kudrinsky.
446
00:23:42,068 --> 00:23:44,482
A family friend
and fellow pilot brings
447
00:23:44,586 --> 00:23:46,827
the children in
to see their father.
448
00:23:46,931 --> 00:23:50,931
- Hi, Dad.
- This is First Officer
Igor Vasilyevich Piskaryov.
449
00:23:51,034 --> 00:23:53,448
It's the beginning
of a deadly chain of events.
450
00:23:53,551 --> 00:23:55,206
What do you think
of our new airplane?
451
00:23:55,310 --> 00:23:56,689
It's very nice.
452
00:23:56,793 --> 00:23:58,413
It's amazing.
453
00:24:01,275 --> 00:24:05,310
Flight 593 is now
over 2000 miles east of Moscow,
454
00:24:05,413 --> 00:24:07,068
near the middle of Siberia.
455
00:24:09,000 --> 00:24:11,172
Secure in the knowledge
that the autopilot is
456
00:24:11,275 --> 00:24:12,551
flying the plane,
457
00:24:12,655 --> 00:24:15,206
Captain Kudrinsky allows
his children to sit
458
00:24:15,310 --> 00:24:17,965
in the pilot's seat
and hold the controls.
459
00:24:21,448 --> 00:24:24,103
Unlike the China Airlines 747,
460
00:24:24,206 --> 00:24:27,413
the more sophisticated autopilot
on this jet can control
461
00:24:27,517 --> 00:24:30,034
every part of the plane,
including the rudder.
462
00:24:32,793 --> 00:24:36,379
Eldar's small pressure
on the controls
actually turns off
463
00:24:36,482 --> 00:24:38,482
part of the autopilot.
464
00:24:38,586 --> 00:24:40,689
Eldar is now
manually controlling
465
00:24:40,793 --> 00:24:43,137
the jet's ailerons.
466
00:24:43,241 --> 00:24:46,758
Imperceptibly at first,
the plane begins to bank.
467
00:24:48,931 --> 00:24:50,586
No one in the cockpit responds
468
00:24:50,689 --> 00:24:53,275
to the gradual change
in direction.
469
00:24:53,379 --> 00:24:56,344
And the very design
of the plane hides the fact
470
00:24:56,448 --> 00:24:58,517
that the jet is
on the brink of disaster.
471
00:24:58,620 --> 00:25:00,620
Yes, it is.
472
00:25:00,724 --> 00:25:02,586
Another peculiarity of the plane
473
00:25:02,689 --> 00:25:05,310
is that it has no alarm
signaling the disengaging
474
00:25:05,413 --> 00:25:07,310
of the autopilot
in the list channel,
475
00:25:11,344 --> 00:25:13,448
while our Russian planes have
476
00:25:13,551 --> 00:25:15,655
an alarm sounding
in such an event.
477
00:25:18,172 --> 00:25:19,896
The Autopilot is
still controlling
478
00:25:20,000 --> 00:25:22,241
the plane's other functions.
479
00:25:22,344 --> 00:25:25,206
Only the ailerons are
in Eldar's hands.
480
00:25:25,310 --> 00:25:27,620
But it's enough
to affect the plane's flight.
481
00:25:33,724 --> 00:25:37,482
Moments later, the Airbus is
banking at 45 degrees.
482
00:25:43,448 --> 00:25:46,344
The force of the turn pushes
everyone into their seats.
483
00:25:50,724 --> 00:25:51,586
Guys!
484
00:25:58,482 --> 00:26:00,724
The increased G-force
makes it difficult
485
00:26:00,827 --> 00:26:02,241
to reach the controls.
486
00:26:02,344 --> 00:26:05,689
Okay, hold it.
Hold the control column.
487
00:26:05,793 --> 00:26:09,344
Eldar is the only one
with both hands on the controls.
488
00:26:11,620 --> 00:26:14,413
The speed of the turn is
pushing him back in his seat.
489
00:26:14,517 --> 00:26:17,172
- The other way!
- Turn it to the left.
490
00:26:17,275 --> 00:26:18,551
I am turning it left!
491
00:26:18,655 --> 00:26:19,655
Okay, get out!
492
00:26:21,413 --> 00:26:23,241
But Eldar can't leave.
493
00:26:23,344 --> 00:26:25,827
His body feels
twice its normal weight.
494
00:26:31,172 --> 00:26:33,379
Suddenly, an alarm sounds.
495
00:26:33,482 --> 00:26:35,517
The autopilot is shutting down.
496
00:26:37,965 --> 00:26:40,655
When the jet reaches
such an extreme position,
497
00:26:40,758 --> 00:26:43,517
the autopilot is designed
to completely disengage.
498
00:26:44,517 --> 00:26:45,827
It's a safety feature,
499
00:26:45,931 --> 00:26:48,068
to put the pilot
back in complete control.
500
00:26:50,965 --> 00:26:54,068
But in this case, a teenager is
in the captain's seat.
501
00:26:57,344 --> 00:27:00,758
The plane begins
to dive towards the ground.
502
00:27:00,862 --> 00:27:03,172
Get it to the left!
There's the ground!
503
00:27:03,275 --> 00:27:05,862
The plane dives
at an incredible speed,
504
00:27:05,965 --> 00:27:09,379
plunging over 200 meters
per second.
505
00:27:09,482 --> 00:27:11,000
For the passengers,
it's like having
506
00:27:11,103 --> 00:27:13,206
an elevator suddenly fall out
from under them.
507
00:27:15,206 --> 00:27:17,517
Get out.
Get out.
508
00:27:17,620 --> 00:27:19,275
Captain Kudrinsky
fights his way
509
00:27:19,379 --> 00:27:20,482
back to the pilot's seat.
510
00:27:22,413 --> 00:27:24,965
But it's too late
to save Flight 593.
511
00:27:36,172 --> 00:27:37,793
As in
the China Airlines incident
512
00:27:37,896 --> 00:27:40,034
almost a decade before,
513
00:27:40,137 --> 00:27:42,620
the Russian crew was
confused by their automation.
514
00:27:43,931 --> 00:27:46,620
But in this case,
they couldn't regain control
515
00:27:46,724 --> 00:27:48,758
until it was too late.
516
00:27:48,862 --> 00:27:52,068
The accident began,
not with a mechanical problem,
517
00:27:52,172 --> 00:27:55,620
but with a simple decision made
by a very experienced pilot.
518
00:27:55,724 --> 00:27:58,172
I've never heard
of anything like that
519
00:27:58,275 --> 00:27:59,862
before or since.
520
00:27:59,965 --> 00:28:03,206
It was very unprofessional
on the part of the captain.
521
00:28:03,310 --> 00:28:06,310
The First Officer also bears
some responsibility
522
00:28:06,413 --> 00:28:09,551
for not raising
major objections immediately.
523
00:28:09,655 --> 00:28:12,896
To allow someone unqualified
to sit in the seat
524
00:28:13,000 --> 00:28:15,413
of a commercial airliner
is unthinkable.
525
00:28:18,137 --> 00:28:20,793
The crew's mistake was
compounded because they didn't
526
00:28:20,896 --> 00:28:23,206
fully understand
their computerized systems.
527
00:28:23,310 --> 00:28:25,310
We've gone into a zone.
A holding pattern.
528
00:28:27,103 --> 00:28:28,275
Ten years later,
529
00:28:28,379 --> 00:28:31,965
another experienced pilot gets
confused by his instruments.
530
00:28:33,206 --> 00:28:35,551
And this time,
the situation is complicated
531
00:28:35,655 --> 00:28:39,275
by a common sensation
pilots are trained to ignore.
532
00:28:45,310 --> 00:28:47,137
Paul Mauro is
an instructor
533
00:28:47,241 --> 00:28:49,310
at the Delta Connection Academy
in Florida.
534
00:28:51,000 --> 00:28:52,586
His job is to put students
535
00:28:52,689 --> 00:28:55,310
in extremely uncomfortable
situations
536
00:28:55,413 --> 00:28:58,172
and then get them
to land safely.
537
00:28:58,275 --> 00:29:00,862
Upset recovery is where we take
a student, or any pilot,
538
00:29:00,965 --> 00:29:03,551
and we try to get them
the ability to recover
539
00:29:03,655 --> 00:29:06,000
their aircraft from
an unusual attitude or an upset,
540
00:29:06,103 --> 00:29:10,862
such as wake turbulence,
wind shear, unintentional stall.
541
00:29:10,965 --> 00:29:13,000
We're going to do
a low-level pass
542
00:29:13,103 --> 00:29:15,034
and bring her right down
to the edge of the runway
543
00:29:15,137 --> 00:29:16,413
and then,
just about halfway down,
544
00:29:16,517 --> 00:29:17,896
we're going to break up
and demonstrate
545
00:29:18,000 --> 00:29:19,965
how quickly we can
get the aircraft
546
00:29:20,068 --> 00:29:21,344
into a nose-high situation.
547
00:29:24,034 --> 00:29:25,068
At that point
we're experiencing,
548
00:29:25,172 --> 00:29:27,241
in that first portion
of the pull up,
549
00:29:27,344 --> 00:29:29,206
we're experiencing
the max G load in that turn.
550
00:29:29,310 --> 00:29:32,068
We're hitting just about six,
six and a half Gs for that pull.
551
00:29:32,172 --> 00:29:34,793
At six Gs you're experiencing
six times your body weight.
552
00:29:34,896 --> 00:29:37,172
I weigh 200 pounds.
So six times that,
553
00:29:37,275 --> 00:29:40,310
at that point I feel like
I weigh 1200 pounds to my body.
554
00:29:40,413 --> 00:29:42,551
It feels like I'm being
squeezed completely,
555
00:29:42,655 --> 00:29:44,793
all over my entire body.
It feels like my face is
556
00:29:44,896 --> 00:29:46,655
kind of peeling down over you.
557
00:29:46,758 --> 00:29:49,448
And it's just a... once you get
used to it, it's kind of fun.
558
00:29:52,724 --> 00:29:55,275
In a tightly-controlled situation,
559
00:29:55,379 --> 00:29:57,241
with an instructor
in the next seat,
560
00:29:59,655 --> 00:30:03,206
a student pilot learns to cope
with intense physical sensations
561
00:30:03,310 --> 00:30:05,379
that can disorient and confuse.
562
00:30:06,620 --> 00:30:08,758
Pilots have to overcome
these sensations
563
00:30:08,862 --> 00:30:10,103
and even ignore them.
564
00:30:12,344 --> 00:30:14,758
Trusting what your body is
telling you can
565
00:30:14,862 --> 00:30:16,275
have deadly results.
566
00:30:22,103 --> 00:30:24,482
January 3rd , 2004.
567
00:30:26,068 --> 00:30:29,137
A Flash Airlines charter flight
is preparing to depart
568
00:30:29,241 --> 00:30:32,344
from the popular tourist resort
of Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt.
569
00:30:34,551 --> 00:30:37,275
One hundred and forty-eight
people are on board.
570
00:30:37,379 --> 00:30:39,310
Good morning,
ladies and gentlemen.
571
00:30:39,413 --> 00:30:41,862
On behalf of Captain Khedr
and his entire crew,
572
00:30:41,965 --> 00:30:44,172
we welcome you
on board Flash Airlines
573
00:30:44,275 --> 00:30:46,551
Boeing 737-300.
574
00:30:48,379 --> 00:30:51,379
The captain is
53-year-old Khedr Abdullah,
575
00:30:51,482 --> 00:30:53,793
a former officer
in the Egyptian Air Force.
576
00:30:55,103 --> 00:30:58,758
He has over 7000 hours
flying experience.
577
00:30:58,862 --> 00:31:00,413
Clouds and sky clear.
578
00:31:03,103 --> 00:31:04,931
In the darkness
before dawn,
579
00:31:05,034 --> 00:31:07,000
Captain Khedr
and his crew execute
580
00:31:07,103 --> 00:31:09,344
a smooth take-off.
581
00:31:09,448 --> 00:31:11,517
Flying manually,
they haven't yet engaged
582
00:31:11,620 --> 00:31:12,827
the plane's autopilot.
583
00:31:13,793 --> 00:31:15,482
But while still climbing,
584
00:31:15,586 --> 00:31:18,344
the flight plan is already
beginning to fall apart.
585
00:31:18,448 --> 00:31:19,517
Turning right, sir.
586
00:31:19,620 --> 00:31:22,862
- What?
- Aircraft is turning right.
587
00:31:22,965 --> 00:31:25,137
Turning right?
How turning right?
588
00:31:31,068 --> 00:31:32,000
Overbank!
589
00:31:32,620 --> 00:31:33,448
Autopilot!
590
00:31:34,896 --> 00:31:36,034
Autopilot's in command.
591
00:31:37,034 --> 00:31:39,137
Autopilot! Autopilot!
592
00:31:41,379 --> 00:31:42,551
No autopilot, commander.
593
00:31:57,068 --> 00:31:58,517
No, God!
594
00:32:12,586 --> 00:32:13,862
In the morning light,
595
00:32:13,965 --> 00:32:17,586
investigators find no one has
survived the horrific accident.
596
00:32:19,275 --> 00:32:20,620
The plane had just taken off
597
00:32:20,724 --> 00:32:23,275
and it looked very strange
598
00:32:23,379 --> 00:32:26,068
why this accident happened
so quickly after take-off.
599
00:32:27,379 --> 00:32:29,655
French and American investigators join
600
00:32:29,758 --> 00:32:31,379
Egyptian authorities
in the search.
601
00:32:33,206 --> 00:32:35,931
It takes two weeks
just to find and recover
602
00:32:36,034 --> 00:32:38,000
the cockpit voice
and flight data recorders.
603
00:32:42,137 --> 00:32:45,103
Investigators explore
dozens of possibilities,
604
00:32:45,206 --> 00:32:48,241
including the idea
the crash was caused by vertigo.
605
00:32:49,793 --> 00:32:51,655
Vertigo is
a physiological condition
606
00:32:51,758 --> 00:32:53,689
and it's based on the inner ear.
607
00:32:53,793 --> 00:32:55,103
Over a dark ocean,
608
00:32:55,206 --> 00:32:57,448
without a defined
visual horizon,
609
00:32:57,551 --> 00:32:58,689
no ground lights,
610
00:32:58,793 --> 00:33:02,448
the pilot may not be able
to perceive visually
611
00:33:02,551 --> 00:33:06,172
whether he was flying up,
down, left or right.
612
00:33:06,275 --> 00:33:09,206
And if the fluid
in his inner ear was moving,
613
00:33:09,310 --> 00:33:10,724
or he tilted his head,
614
00:33:10,827 --> 00:33:12,827
that may induce a sensation,
615
00:33:12,931 --> 00:33:14,758
a physiological sensation,
616
00:33:14,862 --> 00:33:16,551
that may cause
the pilot to believe
617
00:33:16,655 --> 00:33:17,965
the airplane is
flying straight and level
618
00:33:18,068 --> 00:33:19,482
when it's actually turning.
619
00:33:21,137 --> 00:33:22,896
Roger when ready. Inshallah.
620
00:33:23,000 --> 00:33:25,068
Left turn to establish 306.
621
00:33:25,172 --> 00:33:26,103
Sharm VOR.
622
00:33:29,482 --> 00:33:31,724
As the plane banked
over the Red Sea,
623
00:33:31,827 --> 00:33:33,931
it slowly began
going off course.
624
00:33:41,103 --> 00:33:43,137
But the pilot says nothing.
625
00:33:43,241 --> 00:33:44,620
It seems that he's unaware
626
00:33:44,724 --> 00:33:46,827
of the changes
to his flight path.
627
00:33:46,931 --> 00:33:49,689
It is actually
a very high work-load situation.
628
00:33:49,793 --> 00:33:52,172
And when there are
no visual cues outside
629
00:33:52,275 --> 00:33:54,724
because it's a moonless night,
630
00:33:54,827 --> 00:33:56,586
and you're
over featureless territory
631
00:33:56,689 --> 00:33:58,586
with no lights in it,
632
00:33:58,689 --> 00:34:01,586
you, really,
as a professional pilot, should
633
00:34:01,689 --> 00:34:05,931
be totally aware of the fact
that this is a situation
634
00:34:06,034 --> 00:34:09,241
in which you could
get disorientated.
635
00:34:11,379 --> 00:34:15,137
Precisely what
the captain perceived
is unknown.
636
00:34:15,241 --> 00:34:17,896
What is known is that
his control wheel slowly inched
637
00:34:18,000 --> 00:34:19,241
towards the right.
638
00:34:21,206 --> 00:34:23,034
Turning right, sir.
639
00:34:23,137 --> 00:34:25,586
- What?
- Aircraft is turning right.
640
00:34:26,620 --> 00:34:27,896
How turning right?
641
00:34:29,827 --> 00:34:31,517
In this particular instance,
642
00:34:31,620 --> 00:34:33,551
not only are you trying
to fly the airplane
643
00:34:33,655 --> 00:34:36,000
and understand situationally
what's happening,
644
00:34:36,103 --> 00:34:37,862
but you're going through
the mental gymnastics
645
00:34:37,965 --> 00:34:40,000
because your expectations
are one way.
646
00:34:40,103 --> 00:34:41,413
Meanwhile, you have
the first officer,
647
00:34:41,517 --> 00:34:43,413
who's telling him something
that's totally different.
648
00:34:45,551 --> 00:34:47,517
Even with
all the conflicting information
649
00:34:47,620 --> 00:34:49,931
he was getting,
investigators discover
650
00:34:50,034 --> 00:34:53,000
that Captain Khedr almost
recovered control of his plane.
651
00:34:55,344 --> 00:34:57,793
It is interesting
that the recovery starts
652
00:34:57,896 --> 00:35:00,241
as the airplane turns
towards the coastline.
653
00:35:00,344 --> 00:35:02,310
The lights on the shore would
have given the pilot
654
00:35:02,413 --> 00:35:07,310
a clear and unmistakable view
of the aircraft's attitude.
655
00:35:07,413 --> 00:35:10,689
This is the moment that
the disorientation disappears
656
00:35:10,793 --> 00:35:13,896
and this is the moment
that the recovery begins.
657
00:35:14,000 --> 00:35:16,793
Sadly there isn't enough time
to save the aircraft.
658
00:35:19,206 --> 00:35:20,655
The tragic fact remains
659
00:35:20,758 --> 00:35:23,413
that Captain Khedr had
all the information he needed
660
00:35:23,517 --> 00:35:25,758
to save the plane
right in front of him.
661
00:35:27,344 --> 00:35:30,206
The thing that is important
when you're experiencing
662
00:35:30,310 --> 00:35:32,862
spatial disorientation
or vertigo is
663
00:35:32,965 --> 00:35:36,034
to put absolute implicit trust
in your instruments,
664
00:35:36,137 --> 00:35:38,034
that they are
telling you the truth.
665
00:35:38,137 --> 00:35:40,482
And that whatever
your sensation is, is
666
00:35:40,586 --> 00:35:43,724
a limitation of human beings.
Trust the instruments.
667
00:35:46,551 --> 00:35:48,965
It's a lesson
that's hammered home every day
668
00:35:49,068 --> 00:35:51,586
at the Delta Connection Academy.
669
00:35:51,689 --> 00:35:54,758
Brian Patrycia is one of dozens
of students here who wants
670
00:35:54,862 --> 00:35:56,931
to fly
commercial passenger jets.
671
00:35:58,241 --> 00:36:00,482
It's a goal
that's still years away.
672
00:36:02,000 --> 00:36:03,724
It should take me
between five to six years
673
00:36:03,827 --> 00:36:07,448
at a regional airline before
I move onto the major airlines.
674
00:36:07,551 --> 00:36:09,379
It's
a typical journey.
675
00:36:09,482 --> 00:36:12,034
Senior crewmembers
for international carriers
676
00:36:12,137 --> 00:36:15,931
often have thousands of hours
of flying under their belt.
677
00:36:16,034 --> 00:36:17,931
But each one of them started
with none.
678
00:36:19,689 --> 00:36:20,965
There's a very old saying
that says,
679
00:36:21,068 --> 00:36:23,655
"As soon as you feel
like you are no longer learning
680
00:36:23,758 --> 00:36:25,172
with aviation, get out of it,"
681
00:36:26,068 --> 00:36:27,000
because it's gonna hurt you.
682
00:36:27,965 --> 00:36:29,103
Training is ongoing.
683
00:36:29,206 --> 00:36:34,137
Recurrent training is
an integral part of safe flying.
684
00:36:34,241 --> 00:36:37,896
The reason we have
the safe level of flight
that we do today is,
685
00:36:38,000 --> 00:36:40,413
in a very large part,
because of the adequacy
686
00:36:40,517 --> 00:36:42,965
and completeness
of the training.
687
00:36:43,068 --> 00:36:44,620
Relying on your instruments,
688
00:36:44,724 --> 00:36:46,862
trusting your automation is one
689
00:36:46,965 --> 00:36:49,551
of the most fundamental lessons
of flight training.
690
00:36:51,241 --> 00:36:53,448
Insert the ignition key,
691
00:36:53,551 --> 00:36:55,379
clear the propeller area,
and then start the engine.
692
00:37:03,896 --> 00:37:07,862
Every safe flight,
from small planes to jumbo jets,
693
00:37:07,965 --> 00:37:10,620
depends on pilot
and plane working together.
694
00:37:12,379 --> 00:37:15,310
But even if
a jet's technology is crippled,
695
00:37:15,413 --> 00:37:17,517
modern planes are so well built,
696
00:37:17,620 --> 00:37:20,172
pilots can
still bring them safely down.
697
00:37:23,965 --> 00:37:27,310
August 24th, 2001.
698
00:37:27,413 --> 00:37:29,482
Air Transat Flight 236 is
699
00:37:29,586 --> 00:37:32,310
carrying 306 passengers
and crew.
700
00:37:34,137 --> 00:37:37,103
Bound for Portugal,
the Airbus is in serious trouble
701
00:37:37,206 --> 00:37:39,344
high above the Atlantic Ocean.
702
00:37:39,448 --> 00:37:41,827
You could
literally hear a pin drop.
703
00:37:41,931 --> 00:37:45,241
The exterior... there was
no sound in that plane,
in that cabin at all.
704
00:37:47,068 --> 00:37:48,551
The airplane is
so silent
705
00:37:48,655 --> 00:37:51,172
because it's run out of fuel.
706
00:37:51,275 --> 00:37:54,620
A state-of-the-art jet is
now a very heavy glider.
707
00:37:54,724 --> 00:37:57,620
Functions we've lost,
we have no more stabilizer.
708
00:37:57,724 --> 00:38:00,793
- Blue
and yellow hydraulic.
- No ADR two and three,
709
00:38:00,896 --> 00:38:02,103
no anti-skid, no reversers.
710
00:38:02,206 --> 00:38:04,896
The technology that
normally keeps planes flying has
711
00:38:05,000 --> 00:38:06,551
deserted the crew.
712
00:38:06,655 --> 00:38:09,034
The jet is 10 kilometers
in the sky
713
00:38:09,137 --> 00:38:11,137
without the most essential instruments.
714
00:38:12,448 --> 00:38:16,137
Captain Robert Piche
and Co-Pilot Dirk De Jager have
715
00:38:16,241 --> 00:38:18,724
to find a way
to get it safely back to Earth.
716
00:38:21,413 --> 00:38:23,896
For the first four hours
of their journey from Canada
717
00:38:24,000 --> 00:38:26,827
to Portugal,
the flight is unremarkable.
718
00:38:26,931 --> 00:38:28,724
We're getting
to our next checkpoint.
719
00:38:30,000 --> 00:38:31,931
Every 30 minutes
across the Atlantic,
720
00:38:32,034 --> 00:38:33,793
the crew had
checked their position
721
00:38:33,896 --> 00:38:36,724
and their fuel consumption
against their flight plan.
722
00:38:36,827 --> 00:38:41,000
...two tons on the right,
11.2 tons on the left.
723
00:38:41,103 --> 00:38:42,896
Despite the computerized systems,
724
00:38:43,000 --> 00:38:45,482
some procedures like checking
the fuel on board are
725
00:38:45,586 --> 00:38:46,896
done by hand.
726
00:38:47,000 --> 00:38:49,517
Fuel check complete. Level's
normal for the distance flown.
727
00:38:50,206 --> 00:38:51,482
All right.
728
00:38:56,068 --> 00:38:58,000
But then,
a small alarm breaks
729
00:38:58,103 --> 00:38:59,931
the air of routine
in the cockpit.
730
00:39:03,448 --> 00:39:06,275
Look, we're getting
a warning signal.
731
00:39:07,586 --> 00:39:11,310
Oil temp low
and oil pressure high
on number two.
732
00:39:11,413 --> 00:39:12,793
The computer display shows
733
00:39:12,896 --> 00:39:16,655
that the oil temperature is low
in engine number two.
734
00:39:16,758 --> 00:39:20,034
But it also shows
that the oil pressure is high.
735
00:39:20,137 --> 00:39:21,931
Look in the QRH
for more information.
736
00:39:22,034 --> 00:39:26,689
A low oil temperature indication
is normally indicative
737
00:39:26,793 --> 00:39:29,103
of bad readings, a bad sensor.
738
00:39:29,206 --> 00:39:32,689
Oil temperatures don't decrease,
normally, they increase.
739
00:39:32,793 --> 00:39:36,137
A low oil temperature would be
of no concern.
740
00:39:36,241 --> 00:39:40,862
The high oil pressure is
a very strange indication.
741
00:39:40,965 --> 00:39:42,620
Uh, it's... it's very rare.
742
00:39:42,724 --> 00:39:45,344
In fact I've never
actually heard of one.
743
00:39:45,448 --> 00:39:47,758
The oil readings are
so unusual,
744
00:39:47,862 --> 00:39:51,344
the pilots believe they might
indicate a computer error.
745
00:39:51,448 --> 00:39:54,793
But Captain and First Officer
keep monitoring the oil levels.
746
00:39:58,689 --> 00:40:01,137
Thirty minutes
after the first alarm goes off,
747
00:40:01,241 --> 00:40:04,103
another warning sounds
inside the Airbus.
748
00:40:04,206 --> 00:40:05,517
"Fuel imbalance warning."
749
00:40:06,344 --> 00:40:07,689
I haven't seen that before.
750
00:40:09,000 --> 00:40:11,793
Follow all ECAM action.
I have Air Traffic Control.
751
00:40:15,344 --> 00:40:17,034
In the Airbus 330,
752
00:40:17,137 --> 00:40:20,379
most of the fuel is contained
in large tanks on the wings.
753
00:40:21,275 --> 00:40:22,586
The computer had detected
754
00:40:22,689 --> 00:40:25,793
that the fuel level on the right
is significantly lower
755
00:40:25,896 --> 00:40:26,965
than the level on the left.
756
00:40:29,068 --> 00:40:30,689
The flight manual recommends
757
00:40:30,793 --> 00:40:34,586
transferring fuel through
a special cross feed valve.
758
00:40:34,689 --> 00:40:37,344
Fuel will then flow
from one tank to the other.
759
00:40:39,275 --> 00:40:42,068
Once you begin
the cross-feeding procedure
760
00:40:42,172 --> 00:40:44,000
to correct the fuel imbalance,
761
00:40:44,103 --> 00:40:48,241
restorative action should
commence quite quickly.
762
00:40:48,344 --> 00:40:50,103
In other words,
the situation would
763
00:40:50,206 --> 00:40:53,275
not continue to get worse.
764
00:40:53,379 --> 00:40:56,275
Even though the crew
is following proper procedures,
765
00:40:56,379 --> 00:40:58,793
the situation does get worse.
766
00:40:58,896 --> 00:41:01,827
The fuel quantity isn't rising
in the tanks of the right wing.
767
00:41:01,931 --> 00:41:04,965
- Check fuel quantity.
- It's very low, hold on.
768
00:41:05,068 --> 00:41:07,310
It's much less fuel
than we should have.
It looks like a fuel leak.
769
00:41:10,482 --> 00:41:12,482
Check again.
770
00:41:12,586 --> 00:41:16,862
The systems monitor hundreds
and hundreds of sensors.
771
00:41:16,965 --> 00:41:21,000
And, you know,
they can be affected by...
772
00:41:21,103 --> 00:41:24,896
you know, such mundane things
as a little bit of frost or ice
773
00:41:25,000 --> 00:41:29,413
on a sensor can...
cause it to present bad data.
774
00:41:31,482 --> 00:41:34,206
But, in fact,
the reading is accurate.
775
00:41:34,310 --> 00:41:37,000
There's a serious leak
in one of the engines,
776
00:41:37,103 --> 00:41:38,862
and Piche has been transferring
777
00:41:38,965 --> 00:41:42,172
precious fuel
into the leaking tank.
778
00:41:42,275 --> 00:41:45,137
The fact is confirmed
when Co-Pilot DeJager completes
779
00:41:45,241 --> 00:41:46,620
another fuel check.
780
00:41:47,482 --> 00:41:49,034
According to all the gauges,
781
00:41:49,137 --> 00:41:50,620
all the tanks
on the right wing are way below
782
00:41:50,724 --> 00:41:53,241
the level they should be,
according to the flight plan.
783
00:41:53,344 --> 00:41:56,517
And... there's hardly anything
in the other ones.
784
00:41:56,620 --> 00:41:58,862
- What about the trim tank?
- There's nothing there either.
785
00:42:03,620 --> 00:42:05,241
With every passing second,
786
00:42:05,344 --> 00:42:08,068
the leak drains the tanks
of their remaining fuel
787
00:42:09,551 --> 00:42:10,758
until, finally...
788
00:42:11,793 --> 00:42:13,517
the jet is running on empty.
789
00:42:16,758 --> 00:42:19,827
We're losing engine number two.
I don't believe this.
790
00:42:19,931 --> 00:42:21,896
Okay, maximum thrust
on number one.
791
00:42:25,137 --> 00:42:27,034
Um, what's going on?
792
00:42:27,137 --> 00:42:30,448
Try to transfer fuel
from center tank
and the trim tank.
793
00:42:30,551 --> 00:42:33,241
Transferring. Fuel quantity is
reaching zero.
794
00:42:34,275 --> 00:42:36,000
This can't be.
795
00:42:36,103 --> 00:42:39,068
We are not going to go
completely dry
on this airplane.
796
00:42:41,655 --> 00:42:44,724
But, in fact,
the Air Transat has
run out of fuel
797
00:42:44,827 --> 00:42:48,310
some 12000 meters
over the Atlantic Ocean.
798
00:42:48,413 --> 00:42:52,379
No fuel means no power
to control the plane.
799
00:42:52,482 --> 00:42:55,206
But the jet has
one last trick up its sleeve,
800
00:42:55,310 --> 00:42:57,896
one last source of power.
801
00:42:58,000 --> 00:43:00,758
The crew deploys
a rarely-used back-up system.
802
00:43:00,862 --> 00:43:04,068
It's called a Ram air turbine.
It will deploy
803
00:43:04,172 --> 00:43:06,758
from underneath the fuselage
near the wing fairing.
804
00:43:06,862 --> 00:43:10,172
And it's... a small propeller
805
00:43:10,275 --> 00:43:12,103
that deploys out the bottom
of the fuselage
806
00:43:12,206 --> 00:43:14,275
and it spins in the wind.
807
00:43:14,379 --> 00:43:19,275
And that small propeller will
provide very limited electrical
808
00:43:19,379 --> 00:43:22,724
and hydraulic systems
to run the aircraft.
809
00:43:22,827 --> 00:43:25,068
In other words,
although it's a glider,
810
00:43:25,172 --> 00:43:27,793
at least it's
a controllable glider.
811
00:43:27,896 --> 00:43:30,241
When it took off,
this Air Transat jet was
812
00:43:30,344 --> 00:43:32,482
a state-of-the-art marvel.
813
00:43:32,586 --> 00:43:35,551
Now it's falling from the sky,
814
00:43:35,655 --> 00:43:38,724
and the crew has
to hope this last piece
of technology will
815
00:43:38,827 --> 00:43:41,034
help them get down in one piece.
816
00:43:45,448 --> 00:43:48,482
A passenger plane has
run out of fuel.
817
00:43:48,586 --> 00:43:51,827
The Air Transat jet is
now an enormous glider
818
00:43:51,931 --> 00:43:53,931
with more than 300 people
on board.
819
00:43:55,103 --> 00:43:56,724
They crew have
diverted their flight
820
00:43:56,827 --> 00:43:59,137
from its destination
in Portugal.
821
00:43:59,241 --> 00:44:01,620
The plane is now heading
for a military air base
822
00:44:01,724 --> 00:44:05,724
on the tiny island
of Terceira in the Azores.
823
00:44:05,827 --> 00:44:08,206
I saw flight attendants
with life-jackets in their hand
824
00:44:08,310 --> 00:44:09,517
running down the aisles.
825
00:44:09,620 --> 00:44:13,000
Obviously, that was
a sign of fear.
826
00:44:13,103 --> 00:44:15,379
"What, you know, what was
happening?" was
827
00:44:15,482 --> 00:44:17,724
the first question that popped
in my mind.
828
00:44:17,827 --> 00:44:21,448
If Captain
Robert Piche can't make it
to the airport,
829
00:44:21,551 --> 00:44:24,068
his only other option is
the ocean.
830
00:44:24,172 --> 00:44:26,103
But Piche doesn't
want to risk it.
831
00:44:26,206 --> 00:44:29,068
Planes aren't designed
to survive landing on water.
832
00:44:32,482 --> 00:44:36,000
In 1996, a Boeing 767 ran out
of fuel
833
00:44:36,103 --> 00:44:38,482
off the coast of East Africa.
834
00:44:38,586 --> 00:44:41,103
Its last moments were
caught on amateur video.
835
00:44:49,517 --> 00:44:54,172
Of the 175 people on board
the Ethiopian Airways jet,
836
00:44:54,275 --> 00:44:55,793
only 50 survived.
837
00:44:59,206 --> 00:45:00,758
Without vital controls,
838
00:45:00,862 --> 00:45:03,724
Captain Piche
and Co-Pilot Dirk DeJager have
839
00:45:03,827 --> 00:45:06,103
to rely on each other
like never before.
840
00:45:08,827 --> 00:45:11,620
The thought that
a commercial airliner's gonna
841
00:45:11,724 --> 00:45:13,206
find itself out of fuel
842
00:45:13,310 --> 00:45:14,655
with all the safeguards
843
00:45:14,758 --> 00:45:17,379
and all the redundancies is
hard to fathom.
844
00:45:17,482 --> 00:45:20,172
This crew faced it together.
845
00:45:20,275 --> 00:45:21,620
Slats out and locked.
846
00:45:23,275 --> 00:45:25,482
The very design
of the plane prevents it
847
00:45:25,586 --> 00:45:27,103
from dropping like a stone.
848
00:45:29,068 --> 00:45:30,310
Even without engines
849
00:45:30,413 --> 00:45:34,068
the plane's forward momentum
gives it some lift.
850
00:45:34,172 --> 00:45:37,448
It's falling fast,
but it's still flying.
851
00:45:37,551 --> 00:45:39,551
Can you give me
a landing speed, please?
852
00:45:39,655 --> 00:45:41,137
No engine. No flaps.
853
00:45:41,241 --> 00:45:46,000
Ideal approach speed is
170 knots. We're too fast.
854
00:45:46,103 --> 00:45:48,655
Yes. But the runway is
very long.
855
00:45:51,517 --> 00:45:54,551
But at the end
of the runway is
a very steep cliff.
856
00:45:56,344 --> 00:45:59,206
Using the power available
from the Ram air turbine,
857
00:45:59,310 --> 00:46:02,310
Captain Piche forces the plane
to turn steeply,
858
00:46:02,413 --> 00:46:04,379
trying to burn off some speed.
859
00:46:12,413 --> 00:46:17,034
The plane was almost on a,
like a 45 degree angle.
I thought it was just gonna...
860
00:46:17,137 --> 00:46:18,172
it was just gonna flip over
861
00:46:18,275 --> 00:46:19,517
and just nose-dive
straight down.
862
00:46:22,482 --> 00:46:25,034
Everybody,
I need you to brace.
863
00:46:28,103 --> 00:46:29,379
Hang on.
864
00:46:35,241 --> 00:46:36,068
The tires have blown!
865
00:46:47,793 --> 00:46:49,517
Oh, my God!
866
00:46:58,103 --> 00:47:00,137
After bursting
eight tires,
867
00:47:00,241 --> 00:47:03,379
the plane finally stops
in the middle of the runway.
868
00:47:03,482 --> 00:47:05,689
Everyone on board survives.
869
00:47:07,103 --> 00:47:08,379
He got
that plane down safely
870
00:47:09,448 --> 00:47:11,724
and only blew out eight
of the 12 tires.
871
00:47:12,827 --> 00:47:14,137
And saved 300 people.
872
00:47:15,000 --> 00:47:16,655
He saved 300 people's lives.
873
00:47:18,482 --> 00:47:21,896
Piche and DeJager have
flown their Airbus without power
874
00:47:22,000 --> 00:47:24,931
further than any passenger jet
in history.
875
00:47:25,034 --> 00:47:28,931
News of their
remarkable achievement spreads
around the world.
876
00:47:29,034 --> 00:47:30,862
You don't have time really
to think about anything else
877
00:47:30,965 --> 00:47:35,034
than taking care of the safety
of your passenger, you know?
878
00:47:35,137 --> 00:47:38,344
That's your main goal and since
we didn't have any engine,
879
00:47:38,448 --> 00:47:41,000
the other main goal was
to make the landing safely.
880
00:47:41,103 --> 00:47:43,206
So, at that time, I guess
the experience came in.
881
00:47:45,275 --> 00:47:48,103
Investigators discover
that the leak on board the jet
882
00:47:48,206 --> 00:47:50,793
had been set in motion
when the right engine had been
883
00:47:50,896 --> 00:47:53,448
replaced five days
before the crash.
884
00:47:55,448 --> 00:47:59,793
We have to realize that
there was a small mistake made,
885
00:47:59,896 --> 00:48:01,586
uh, in terms
of changing the pump.
886
00:48:01,689 --> 00:48:03,724
We installed it, uh...
887
00:48:03,827 --> 00:48:08,000
but then some pipes,
so to speak, were needed
888
00:48:08,103 --> 00:48:10,586
to be connected to the pump,
and there was a mismatch.
889
00:48:10,689 --> 00:48:12,517
The small mistake
had crippled
890
00:48:12,620 --> 00:48:15,724
this highly-engineered machine.
891
00:48:15,827 --> 00:48:18,448
But its very design left
the pilots enough control
892
00:48:18,551 --> 00:48:20,896
to steer the plane away
from disaster.
893
00:48:32,448 --> 00:48:34,448
Brett Rowe, private pilot.
894
00:48:37,137 --> 00:48:38,724
At the Delta Connection Academy
895
00:48:38,827 --> 00:48:40,379
in Sanford, Florida,
896
00:48:40,482 --> 00:48:43,034
another student has
earned his wings.
897
00:48:43,137 --> 00:48:46,275
After 14 months of training,
he's one step closer
898
00:48:46,379 --> 00:48:48,103
to becoming a commercial pilot.
899
00:48:48,206 --> 00:48:51,206
We don't take everybody
here at the Academy.
900
00:48:51,310 --> 00:48:53,551
We want people
that are motivated,
901
00:48:53,655 --> 00:48:57,103
that want to come,
that have a passion for flying.
902
00:48:57,206 --> 00:48:59,310
It's a career that you've got
903
00:48:59,413 --> 00:49:01,827
to want deep inside
to accomplish.
904
00:49:01,931 --> 00:49:04,620
Otherwise you'll never
make it through.
905
00:49:04,724 --> 00:49:06,551
Accidents have
reinforced the need
906
00:49:06,655 --> 00:49:09,275
for pilots to understand
the complicated relationship
907
00:49:09,379 --> 00:49:11,862
between crew and computers.
908
00:49:11,965 --> 00:49:14,517
The lives of countless people
depend on it.
909
00:49:15,586 --> 00:49:17,137
Pilots take the responsibility
910
00:49:17,241 --> 00:49:20,655
for their passengers very,
very, very seriously.
911
00:49:20,758 --> 00:49:22,413
We're responsible from the time
912
00:49:22,517 --> 00:49:24,034
that that passenger enters
the airplane
913
00:49:24,137 --> 00:49:26,379
until they leave
at the destination.
914
00:49:26,482 --> 00:49:29,000
The pilot's always
the last line of defense.
915
00:49:30,034 --> 00:49:31,413
Automated systems make
916
00:49:31,517 --> 00:49:33,793
flying more predictable
and dependable.
917
00:49:36,241 --> 00:49:38,241
But it's the marriage
of computers and crew
918
00:49:38,344 --> 00:49:42,241
that ultimately makes flying one
of the safest ways to travel.